The Effects Of Depression On Pregnancy And The Postpartum...

Depression is more common in women than in men across all age groups and cultural backgrounds with a female to male ratio of 1.68 (Kessler et al. 1993). Women are at their greatest risk of suffering from depression during the childbearing years. Currently, up to 20% of the pregnant women population are prescribed an antidepressant during pregnancy (Pawluski JL), and others may become pregnant while on one. According to Mourilhe and Stokes (1998), only one in 20 depressed patients are diagnosed and adequately treated. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications are the most common antidepressant treatment used during pregnancy and the postpartum period (Pawluski JL). It is important to treat depression in an expecting mother as studies show a negative effect of depression on pregnancy outcomes (Steer et al. 1992), maternal infant bonding (Condon and Corkindale 1997), cognitive development in children (Cogill et al. 1986), and subsequent recurrences of depression, resulti ng in problems for the child (Philipps and O’Hara, 1991). Because of the potential for maternal depression in pregnancy to cause negative impacts on both the mother and offspring, treatment (for the depression?) is highly recommended (Morrison, Riggs, Rurak 2005). As such, fluoxetine is a frequently prescribed SSRI to pregnant women [need?] as it increases serotonin neurotransmission and has fewer side effects compared to other antidepressants (Morrison JL1, Riggs KW, Rurak DW). [However,Show MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Postpartum in United States According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, depression is â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.† According to the definition of the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), postpartum depressionRead MoreDepression And Postpartum Depression1720 Words   |  7 Pagesare all symptoms of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a severe mental disorder that some time will occur after giving birth or after being pregnant. According to research postpartum depression usually will occur within a year after giving birth. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 11 to 20% of women who give birth each year have postpartum depression symptoms. ). Although researchers have not been able to determine one main cause of postpartum depression, they have been ableRead MorePrenatal Levels Of Cortisol And Placental Corticotropin Releasing Hormone1330 Words   |  6 Pages During pregnancy, the positive feedback loop that plays a part in regulating products of the HPA axis is altered. Prenatal levels of cortisol and placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH) have been shown to be elevated during pregnancy. Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone is considered a â€Å"placental clock† that changes the development of the onset of parturition (Glynn, Davis Sandman, 2013). According to Glynn et al., these elevations have been linked to changes in the sensitivity ofRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Postpartum Depression Leads to Psychosis According to authors Susan Dowd Stone and Alexis E. Menken postpartum depression can start during pregnancy which is called perinatal disorder (2008). During pregnancy, women can suffer through mood disorders which are a leading cause of postpartum depression. Women who are screened and diagnosed for depression are most likely to have postpartum depression. Doctors know to keep a close watch on these women who are found positive for depression. AfterRead MoreDepression And Anxiety786 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms of depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy and greatly effect a women’s health behaviors. The impact of women’s mental health on alcohol use is very significant to examine as prenatal alcohol use, which is common and can have serious negative consequences for the evolving fetus. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety can increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be associated with extremely detrime ntal effects for the developing fetusRead MoreThe Concept Of Coping : Postpartum Depression And Anxiety Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages individual perception, and behavior (Giddens, 2013). The two exemplars that will be addressed in the following sections are postpartum depression and anxiety. Postpartum Depression Postpartum depression (PPD) can be described as a period of depression that begins following childbirth lasting more than two weeks (Camp, 2013). Up to 15% of women suffer from depression during the first three months after delivery and the cause of PPD remains unknown (Camp, 2013). Research has shown that PPD mayRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Postpartum Depression1430 Words   |  6 Pages(Piotrowski Benson, 2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away after two weeks. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer. According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinically significant distressRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments1518 Words   |  7 Pages2015). Th ese are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away within two weeks after giving birth. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer than the â€Å"baby blues.† According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinicallyRead Moreâ€Å"Postpartum Depression Affects 10% To 20% Of Women After1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Postpartum depression affects 10% to 20% of women after delivery, regardless of maternal age, race, parity, socioeconomic status, or level of education†.( Consise) Postpartum depression is a major depression episode that occurs after childbirth affecting not only the mother but also the child and family members. After the delivery of the placenta extending for about six weeks this is considered as as the postpartum period. This a critical period for the mother and new born physiological andRead MoreDepressed Parents : A Child s Bad Behavior1631 Words   |  7 PagesReitz, Samantha AP Capstone Period 9 3-25-15 Depressed Parents Lead to Depressed Kids The finger is often pointed at the parents as an excuse for a child’s bad behavior, however this may be with good reason since parents have a huge affect on their child’s psychological development, leading to the way they act, good or bad. Raising a child to behave is not an easy task and this becomes considerably more difficult for parents suffering from some form of postpartum depression, parents who suffer from

Post-French Revolution Theories of Government Essay

After the French Revolution, the nation of France wanted to take on a different type of governing. There were those who wanted to go back to the feudal system that was in place before and those who wanted a limited monarchy with a constitution. Edmund Burke and Emmanuel Siey#233;s were writers who had strong opinions on the both sides of the scale. Siey#233;s believed in the Third Estate, and believed that they could run a better nation, where as Burke said that the nobility or the Second Estate was the only people that could do that job. But as we can see Siey#233;s view was the one that thrived in the end. Siey#233;s believed that the nobility was rewarded for little to no work, and he was right. As he said, In setting aside†¦show more content†¦So he suggests opening up the governing roles to the third estate. But Burke disagrees, and says that only the nobility should rule because we cant do with out nobility and heredity. He says that it is, ... given to birth, is neither unnatural, nor unjust, nor impolitic. The nobility should govern because the born to do it, and that isnt wrong; its their right. Siey#233;s later in his essay talks about the Third Estate being an essential part of the nation. He argues that the Third Estate as a whole can survive and run the country without any of the other estates, but the First and Second Estates cant survive without the Third. Then says, Therefore, what is the Third Estate? Everything... and then says, ... everything would be infinitely better without the others. He makes the point that the third estate is everything and that France would be better of if it was just the Third Estate, because they are the workers. They are the majority and have the power to run a nation, where as the Second and First Estate are so small and dont work as much as the Third Estate so they wouldnt be able to run a country successfully on their own. Another argument that Siey#233;s brings up is that the nobility is estranged from the nation, and cant govern the country because they dont understand the Third Estate. He also does agree with Burke when he says that parts of the Third Estate are unfit to govern, but then says thatShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1184 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is not an event that comes around every few years. In fact, for an event to be considered a revolution that event must bring about significant political, social, ideological, religious or even technological change. Throughout history there have been some very noteworthy revolutions such as the Agricultural Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Of all the revolutions in history, it is perhaps the French Revolution that remains the most romanticized in the mindsRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesfocuses on the causes of Atlantic Revolutions and will explore the question: To what extent was the Enlightenment the main driving force behind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source whichRead MoreAge of Revolutions Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages) What do you think was the most important outcome of the Age of Revolutions? There have been several vital products of the Age of Revolutions but most importantly was the introduction of post-colonial attitudes with the need of self-governess away from empires overseas. This was achieved through the democracy and constitutions which still are the most important legacy existing in the modern world. It this outcome that societies were able to create influential pieces of works and change how societiesRead MoreThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 Pagessearch for knowledge. This modern age of reason, diversity and doubt, was one of the biggest paradigm shifts for both the Church and the human race. There was critical analysis of the Bible and further discussions of both scientific and philosophical theories. The ages after the Enlightenment were certainly affected, so much so that, to a significant extent, the paradigm shift within the Enlightenment era still influences our thinking today with both societal and intellectual rele vance. To understandRead MoreRevolutions Of The French Revolution1139 Words   |  5 PagesRevolutions are often characterized under two dominant schools of thought, either the structural or the cultural viewpoint. The structural approach favors causes that are of inherent forces in the system of sovereign nations, whilst the cultural view favors individuals actions and ideas as rudimentary to revolution. Skocpol and Trimberger’s essay Revolutions: A Structural Analysis modernizes the ideas of Karl Marx and reconciles them with the modern revolutions that have occurred to form a new viewpoint;Read MoreThe French Revolution Occurred During The Time Periods1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution occurred during the time periods 1787 to 1799 which shook France. Its climax reached in 1789 when the ancien regime ended in France. The French Revolution was the most violent and by far the most universally significant revolution compared to the rest. The initial cause of the revolut ion was the social structure of the West. One social structure that was based on the holding of all land by fees that resulted in the relation of the king to vassal was called the feudal systemRead MoreEssay on Nationalism and Liberalism 1368 Words   |  6 PagesPeople’s Spring†, the Revolutions of 1848 marked a time of political and social turmoil widespread across the European continent. It is during this time we see monarchies overthrown, the formation of new countries, and â€Å"radical ideologies† such as Nationalism, and Liberalism become the beliefs of the middle-class. The populations of European countries were growing at a rate never seen before. The masses started becoming agitated with the current monarchial system of government ruling across EuropeRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels974 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinction between the working class, or the Proletariat and the upper class, or the Bourgeoisie was becoming increasingly clear with th e industrial revolution noted as the inciting event of the two new clashing classes. The CM was distributed among the German, communist league and served as the parties platform explaining the main components of the economic theory. The main idea of the CM was that history consisted of a clash between two factions, the elite ruling class and the meek peasantry. Marx evenRead MoreThe Theory Of The Scientific Revolution1255 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Scientific Revolution, â€Å"there occurred a shift in humans thinking from the medieval emphasis on God s eternal unchanging world, which governed people, the universe, and nature, to an approach that defined knowledge and understanding as derived from the immutable laws of nature independent of received truth.† Scientists changed the way people think about the world. The gears of the revolution began to turn when Copernicus questioned the geocentric theory, developing his theory of heliocentrismRead More Social Psychology Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pageson-going debates over psychology as a science or not. An important contribution that has made a great impact on the modern social psychology was from William McDougall. McDougall proposed for an evolutionary psychology, which was influenced by Darwin’s theory. Especially with the dominant fields of sociology and anthropology, McDougall was able to link science, sociology and psychology (McDougall, 1919). However, McDougall’s research in social evolution was also interpreted as radical due to the racism

North Korea and South Korea Free Essays

In North Korea, a dictator rules the county and currently their dictator is Kim Jung l_JNI. Also, North Koreans government is very strict about people from other countries traveling to North Korea. Tourists are only allowed to enter the country if there is a guided tour and independent traveling to North Korea is not allowed. We will write a custom essay sample on North Korea and South Korea or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, South Korea, is a republic with a president. As of now, their president, who is the first female president elected, is park Gun Hey. Their country has elections for a new president every five years. Additionally, anyone and everyone can travel to South Korea whenever they want. Every country or state has different cultures and lifestyles. In North Korea, art is didactic and they create many beautiful artworks. Calligraphy, music, painting and pottery are all various types of art that is produced in North Korea. Their paintings are usually drawings of events that have happened in the past or drawings of nature such as flowers. North Koreans play many games, especially races and they like to participate in a lot of active activities. In addition, their diet does not contain spicy foods such as chime. In South Korea, art and music is very well known. Buddhism was a great inspiration towards South Korean art and outstanding architecture and artworks are found in Buddhist temples and paintings. Music is very popular in South Korea and one type of genre is Kop. Kop is short for Korean pop and is known all over the world. Just like North Korea, South Korea loves to play games and their traditional board game is bad. Also, South Koreans diet is the total opposite of North Koreans diet. In South Korea, spicy foods are very common and the national dish is chime. Lastly, both North and South Korea have a traditional dress called handbook that is mainly worn on New Years. Education is an essential need in everyone’s lives. In North Korea, people are mainly interested in the subjects technology and science. Also, in the early 1 sys the education system was divided into one year Of kindergarten, four years of primary school for ages six to nine, and six years of senior middle school for ages ten to fifteen. The most important institution is Kim – sung University. South Koreans academic environment is very competitive. Nearly all the nation’s top schools are located in Seoul, South Korea. Primary schools consists of grades one to six and secondary schools consists of seventh to twelfth. The most popular university in South Korea is Seoul National University. The two countries that were known as one are now split into two and has tons of differences and similarities. They compare and contrast in government, culture, and education. Imagining what life would have been like back if North and South Korea were one is difficult due to the disparity in the people’s lives and in the country. How to cite North Korea and South Korea, Papers

Providing Safety Measures within Schools free essay sample

School violence is not just a recent tragedy. In fact, the earliest known United States (U. S. ) school shooting called â€Å"Pontiac’s Rebellion School Massacre† took place on July 26, 1764 in Pennsylvania (Wikipedia). These ill-fated events are products of many different factors such as bullying, revenge, and even mental issues. Unfortunately, school violence has become a more prevalent occurrence in society today. However, because of the unknown and rather unexpected motives of the perpetrators, an end to school violence cannot, in all actuality, happen. Certainly, there are procedures available to prevent occurring violence. Through the use of increased screening and safety measures, school violence can be greatly diminished, improve the quality of the nation’s education, and restore faith in administrators. School violence has plagued many areas of not only the U. S. , but also other parts of the world. However, a number of the worst attacks have occurred right here in the U. S. , Columbine High School, for example. April 20, 1999 marked the date of fifteen deaths at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. Two teenage shooters took the lives of fourteen students and one teacher (Listverse). This school tragedy led to an increased emphasis on security at schools across the U. S. (SFGate). The April 16, 2007 shooting at Virginia Tech claimed the lives of thirty-three victims and was named the deadliest shooting by a single gunman in U. S. history. Bath School in Michigan fell victim to forty-five deaths and was given the title of the deadliest mass school murder in U. S. history (Listverse). In recent history, Connecticut unfortunately experienced a shooting of its own at Sandy Hook Elementary where twenty-eight young children and adults were victim to a deranged gunman on December 14, 2012 (The Inquisitr). But certainly, we cannot forget the February 27, 2012 shooting at Chardon High School that rocked Ohio (SFGate). More and more schools around the nation are stepping up school safety measures to ensure the security of students. Undoubtedly, the most commonly selected safety measure is limited or controlled access to the school in such ways as to lock and monitor school doors. Metal detectors, security cameras, and limited social networking access are more commonly being used to monitor and restrict student and visitor behaviors (U. S. Department of Education). Monitoring and supervising common areas such as the cafeteria, gym, hallways, and parking lot is a significant safety measure usually practiced by schools (NASPonline). School resource officers, guards, and unarmed law enforcement officers may not always need to be present, but should always be available. Staff members should monitor all guests by greeting each and every person who comes to the door. Counselors and psychologists should always be available to students so that they know they have someone to trust and be able to anonymously report suspicious activity (Gumbrecht; NASPonline). Crisis plans and preparedness training should be accessible for all staff members along with threat assessment procedures. The promotion of obedience of school rules and a safe school environment should be present at all times for the safety of the students (NASPonline). Schools should conduct regular drills such as intruder, weather, and fire for student awareness (Gumbrecht). A responsible and safe school always includes school-community partnerships and school safety incident data to keep the public informed about new procedures (NASPonline). There are a number of structural prevention suggestions available. The most frequently used structural methods are locked doors and security systems. However, more advanced structural preventions exist: single, prominent entryways for guests and students to enter; reduced landscaping to eliminate hiding spots; shifted restrooms away from entryways; moved major mechanical and electrical systems; keyless entry systems for staff and faculty; and elaborate announcement systems for drills and instructions (Gumbrecht). Panic buttons are available for $5,000 and operate on single police dispatch lines that send all available units to the school in case of an emergency. The buttons can be located in each individual classroom or in different regions of the schools. These structural suggestions come at a price but are well worth the investments (Scott). Because of the seemingly reoccurring school violence trend, many school districts have contemplated active shooter training and arming teachers. Even though this might seem like a good idea, there may very well be negative consequences. Instead, most school administrators opt for the more common school entry policies and emergency manuals for all staff. Newer safety ideas are being introduced into school districts such as Mohawk, Ellwood, and Shenango in Pennsylvania. These districts installed computerized systems that scan the driver’s licenses of all visitors to identify anyone convicted of crimes against children (New Castle News). Administrators have many accessible guidelines for communicating with students, their parents, and the public. Conversations with students should be developmentally appropriate and include guidelines for violence. Administrators should keep in mind the cultures, traditions, religion, and family values of students and keep the focus on normal routines and activities. Parents should be made aware of all violence conversations with students. The children must know that schools are safe places and there is a difference between reporting and tattling, they must be observant and report what they see. Students must also realize that every so often, people commit wrong acts, but violence is never a solution. Open communication between parents and their children is key; the students should know to stay away from weapons. Also, the school staff must stress the understanding of possibility versus probability; students should always know that they are safe in school. These guidelines are important for administrators to convey to their student body and public (NASPonline). Without a doubt, school violence has made national headlines. In December, the NRA announced the National School Shield Program. They have issued â€Å"a report on how they believe schools can prevent further gun violence† (Gumbrecht). The NRA will present policy proposals and resources to law enforcement, lawmakers, school officials, and the public. Because there is declining support for strict gun regulations, law enforcement officials will prepare armed guards that state and local officials will alter (Sperry and Wallace). A higher percent of high schools and middle schools require drug testing for athletes and extracurricular activities; badges and picture identifications for students and teachers; random dog sniffs and contraband sweeps; and security cameras for monitoring the school building and surrounding premises. 84 percent of high schools, 73 percent of middle schools, and 51 percent of elementary schools use security cameras for surveillance. A higher percent of high schools and middle schools have electronic emergency notification systems and structured, anonymous threat reporting systems. A lower percent of high schools control access to buildings during school hours, prohibit cell phone usage and text messaging, and require uniforms (U. S. Department of Education). Unfortunately, school violence is on the rise. Children should not have to be afraid to go to school in fear of experiencing a fateful attack. By no means can there ever be assumptions made that attacks cannot happen just anywhere; no area is completely immune to violence. The public cannot be naive. As much as the thought of an attack is hard to comprehend, the possibility must always be in the back of the mind. There are countless ways to be prepared; school administrators just need to take action. Through the use of increased screening and safety measures, school violence can be greatly diminished, improve the quality of the nation’s education, and restore faith in administrators